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Post 0

Wednesday, April 2 - 8:01amSanction this postReply
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Merlin,
Nice article.  Thanks.  I have one question.  What is the difference between what an investor-owned company and a not-for-profit company do with their "net income"?
Thanks,
Glenn




Post 1

Wednesday, April 2 - 8:25amSanction this postReply
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What is the difference between what an investor-owned company and a not-for-profit company do with their "net income"?
Not a lot in terms of dollars. In either case it's a source for capital expenditure -- expanding operations, replacing "old capital", e.g. newer equipment or a new building, or even an acquisition.

In an investor-owned company a small part would typically be distributed in dividends to shareholders. This would not occur with a not-for-profit. It could pay a dividend to its policyholders (customers), but I believe that's now a rare occurrence in health insurance. Or it might shave the next year's premium rates.

An investor-owned company could also do a stock buyback, again a rare occurrence.

P.S. One more thing -- either could pay some executive bonuses.

(Edited by Merlin Jetton on 4/02, 8:30am)




Post 2

Wednesday, April 2 - 8:42amSanction this postReply
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Try your search engine on these terms:
  • football not-for-profit
  • baseball not-for-profit
  • bank not-for-profit
  • indictment not-for-profit
Your accountant and lawyer can help you decide how to organize your own NFP and they can show you quite clearly what the expected caps on your salary and other compensations will be.  It can be a lucrative, stable income to manage your own NFP.  One of the reasons that the government of New Mexico is so poor is that NM has more NFPs per capita than any other state.  NFPs are big business in the Land of Enchantment...  but they are even bigger business in the Empire State (see here).

If you look at the books of National Public Radio, you will see that they made a profit of $24 million last year.  But that "profit" was given the name "Net Assets."
http://www.npr.org/about/statements/fy2007/fy07consolidatedreport.pdf

The New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants explained the matter succinctly in its February 1994 newsletter.
Net assets is not a new term to accountants. It is used in the financial statements of employee benefit plans. It was introduced to not-for- profit accounting in Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts (Concept) No. 6, Elements of Financial Statements. However, it is not a familiar term to most people involved with not-for-profit organizations. Simply put, net assets replaces the term "fund balance" and is the excess of what the organization owns over what it has borrowed and still owes. The organization may be cash poor, but if it has office furniture and no debts, it has net assets. Or the organization may be cash rich, but if it just borrowed a large sum, it may have no net assets. Net assets are also seen as the cumulative results of running the not-for- profit organization.
What are assets doing on the not-for-profit's income statement? (Accounting)
http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/old/15203128.htm

The difference between "net assets" and "profits" is that profits go to the owner(s) but "net assets" always stay with the organization.

By the way, this is nothing new.  See "Profit in Not-for-Profit Corporations: The Example of Health Care," by Amitai Etzioni and Pamela Doty in Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 91, No. 3 (Autumn, 1976), pp. 433-453.

In 1989 and 1991, I served on the board of directors of The East Lansing Food Co-operative (ELFCO).  My assignments included the Finance Committee where I learned a lot from the accountant.  NFPs have assets, liabilities, incomes and expenses.  They also have money left over.  We called it "Retained Earnings."  ELFCO paid its full and part-time staff and management. They also had volunteers for over two decades.  Then, someone sued on the grounds that they "deserved" minimum wage for their volunteer time and some court agreed, so that all went away, and everyone always got paid.  Back then, ELFCO turned about $1million a year in sales and had generous healthcare and vacation policies for all staff (not volunteer) employees. 

From 2003-2005, I served on the board of the Michigan State Numismatic Society, a 501(c) 7 (seven, not one) corporation.  After some bad management and/or hard times, MSNS was close to being in the red, but we are solidly in the black now.  The main business of MSNS is to host two semi-annual conventions.  The club has about 1000 members, about half of them lifetime.  We have about $25,000 in cash and $125,000 in deposit accounts.  We are big supporters of local educational efforts, the scouts, and other community projects involving the monetary history of our nation. The secretary-treasurer and the editor of the newsletter both get paid (modestly, but fairly) for their skills.




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Post 3

Thursday, April 3 - 6:02amSanction this postReply
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This is another point I thought about putting in the article but didn't. Notice how much the AMA promotes its members' self-serving agenda wearing an altruistic mask.



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Post 4

Friday, April 4 - 6:07amSanction this postReply
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In today's WSJ Online (the print edition, too) there is an article about the recent high profits of nonprofit hospitals.  Here is an excerpt:

At some nonprofits, the good times are reflected in new facilities and rich executive pay. Flush with cash, Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago has rebuilt its entire campus since 1999 at a cost of more than $1 billion. In October, it opened a new women's hospital that features marble in the lobby, birthing rooms with flat-screen televisions, 1,000 works of art and a roof topped with 10,000 square feet of gardens. In 2006, Northwestern Memorial's former chief executive officer, Gary Mecklenburg, received a $16.4 million payout.

WSJ's John Carreyrou provides a tour of Chicago's non-profit Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which underwent a renovation costing more than $1 billion.

But Northwestern Memorial has been frugal in its spending on charity care, the free treatment for poor patients that nonprofit hospitals are expected to provide in return for the federal and state tax breaks they receive. In 2006, Northwestern Memorial spent $20.8 million on charity care -- less than 2% of its revenues and a fraction of what it received in tax breaks.

Isn't it amazing how profitable is the guise of altruism?

(Edited by Merlin Jetton on 4/04, 6:21am)




Post 5

Friday, April 4 - 12:57pmSanction this postReply
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They can do that because they do not pay taxes.

Just about any business can be set up as an NFP.  You will be limited in your compensation.  It cannot be the tail that wags the dog, but it can be comfortable and generous, especially if all of your employees enjoy them.  Healthcare, tuition reimbursement, etc., maybe a fitness room, theatre, childcare (of course).  There is no reason not to legally arrange your affairs so as to minimize your taxes.

Altruism or egoism is a different matter entirely. 




Post 6

Sunday, April 6 - 5:31amSanction this postReply
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Here is another news story about charity and nonprofit hospitals.
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-sun-hospitals-apr06,0,1234868.story
You may need to register (no cost) to read it.

For 2004-2006 combined SSM Health Care had a profit margin (revenues minus expenses, divided by revenues) of 4.62%. Financial statements here.

(Edited by Merlin Jetton on 4/06, 5:49am)




Post 7

Sunday, April 6 - 8:21amSanction this postReply
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We are a leading international citrus supplier, but you might be surprised to know that we don't own a single citrus grove. And although we're a billion dollar a year organization, you can't buy stock-because there isn't any.
Why? Because Sunkist is a cooperative - a not-for-profit company. Our 6,000 members, all California and Arizona citrus growers, have joined forces to produce the high-quality Sunkist® fruit you've come to know and love. Sunkist is one of the 10 largest marketing cooperatives in America and the largest marketing cooperative in the world's fruit and vegetable industry.
http://www.sunkist.com/about/

What is a Co-op?
A cooperative (or co-op) is a type of business owned by and run for the benefit of those who use its services.
A number of producer-owned cooperatives are familiar to millions of American consumers. Land O'Lakes, Ocean Spray, Welch’s, Sunkist -- among others --all are examples of cooperatives that market products made from the milk, cranberries, grapes, oranges and other raw materials supplied by their producer-members. These co-ops often are referred to as “producer cooperatives.”
“Consumer cooperatives” sell products to their co-op members. Land O'Lakes, while primarily known as a producer cooperative to the majority of Americans because of its famous line of dairy products, also serves as a consumer co-op to many of its producer-members. Land O'Lakes sells feed, seed and agronomy products to dairy producers, farmers and ranchers through a national network of independently owned and operated local farmer cooperatives.
http://www.landolakesinc.com/corporate/whatis.asp





Post 8

Sunday, April 6 - 9:13amSanction this postReply
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MEM,

You say Sunkist is nonprofit, which is true in the legal sense. Nevertheless, it had comprehensive income of $4.7 million for 2007.

Also, the growers and workers are for-profit.

On the other hand, Sunkist doesn't wear a mask of altruism.




Post 9

Sunday, April 6 - 12:12pmSanction this postReply
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Also, the growers and workers are for-profit.

But the growers themselves don't have to be - they, too, could structure themselves as NFP...




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