Sigmund Freud (
May 6,
1856 –
September 23,
1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the
psychoanalytic school of
psychology. The theories distinctive of this school generally included hypotheses that (1) human development is best understood in terms of changing objects of sexual desire, (2) the psychic apparatus habitually represses wishes, usually of a sexual or aggressive nature, whereby they become preserved in one or more
unconscious systems of ideas, (3) unconscious conflicts over repressed wishes have a tendency to manifest themselves in dreams, parapraxes ("
Freudian slips"), and symptoms, (4) unconscious conflicts are the source of
neuroses, and (5) neuroses can be treated through bringing the unconscious wishes and repressed memories to consciousness in psychoanalytic treatment.