I show below the abstract, recently prepared, of Ron's essay on axioms (1995). This is the abstract that will appear in the ABSTRACTS feature of the Objectivity_Archive site.
For the past year, programmers have been working to put the full text of all twelve issues of Objectivity online. The writers (and executors) are very pleased I'm finally having this done. This is an exact reprinting of the journal in the original typesetting and layout. This new site will be freely open to all readers and researchers. It will be another quarter before Objectivity_Archive is completed.
“Axioms: The Eightfold Way” by Ronald E. Merrill
Volume 2, Number 2, Pages 1–15
Merrill proposes a new organization of Ayn Rand’s philosophical axioms, which were three: Existence, Consciousness, and Identity. In the new organization, there are eight axioms. There are three logical axioms, which identify the rules of reasoning; three metaphysical axioms, which root our knowledge of reality; and two epistemological axioms, which are presumed when we assert anything to be known.
Merrill’s logical axioms are (i) the law of excluded middle, (ii) the law of non-contradiction, and (iii) the law of truth preservation by double negation. His metaphysical axioms are (iv) existence exists, (v) existence is subject to the laws of logic, and (vi) change is subject to the laws of logic. His epistemological axioms are that (vii) we have consciousness of existence and (viii) we have free will.
Rand’s axiom of Existence is in (iv), her axiom of Identity is in (v), and her axiom of Consciousness is in (vii). Merrill’s axiom (vi) is Rand’s law of causality. Merrill stresses the importance of expressing Rand’s three axiomatic concepts in propositions, his axiomatic propositions. He criticizes the treatment of the law of causality and the reality of human free will as “corollaries” of Rand’s axioms.
~~~~~~~ Another Objectivity essay of Ron's (1993) has now gotten its abstract for the Archive. I'll share that one here also.
“On the Physical Meaning of Volition” by Ronald E. Merrill
Volume 1, Number 5, Pages 69–93
Given the determinism of physical law, how is free will possible? Merrill takes the introspective phenomenology of our free will as soundly given; some of our choices are free. Additional testimony to the authenticity of free will is the circumstance that denial of all freedom in our intelligence places the denier in a thicket of self-contradiction. But Merrill seeks to elucidate the possibility of free will, beyond the mere impossibility of total determinism.
Merrill calls free will volition, and he takes its reality as a given. Volition is a part of reality, there is only one reality, and nothing in it contradicts physical law. Physics embraces not only deterministic laws, but randomness and its definite contours. Merrill argues against identifying volition with randomness. He portrays the possibility of a volition that is not random and does not contradict physics, yet a volition that is not predictable by physical law.
This portrait of the possibility of volition is by way of a conception of the axiomatization of physical law, which is then subject to logically necessary incompleteness. The method of proof of the pertinent logical incompleteness theorem by Gödel suggests that an entity whose actions are neither random nor deterministic would be a self-referring entity. Such are we.
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