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Post 20

Sunday, August 5, 2007 - 4:07pmSanction this postReply
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As Nasty (Brutish and Short) as You Want to Be

If I were in an absolutely lawless war zone, under no valid jurisdiction, with no state to defend his, mine, or the child's rights, and if I were to meet such a monster as that parasitic photographer I would place my priority on helping that child merely out of kindness, not obligation, and I would consider killing the paparazzo on nothing more than aesthetic grounds. Those who espouse his enlightened philosophy of non-interference could photograph me killing him to their heart's content.

I make it a rule, however, to avoid such situations.

Ted Keer

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Post 21

Sunday, August 5, 2007 - 4:25pmSanction this postReply
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I'm also interested in Ted's justification for the use of force in this context. 

Also, maybe he can explain why this happening in a "lawless area"  has anything to do with it justifying an initiation of force.  I can imagine a few answers, like rights are gifts from government, or the only justification for respecting rights is you might go to jail, but those seem like unlikely candidates.

I'm also curious how a photographer is "fully complicit" in the use of physical force, since he profited by it.  Does that make all newspapers and news programs complicit with Al-Qaeda because they profited by running news about Sept 11?  Where does the complicity start?  If instead he had photographed a village that had been shot up and damaged, wouldn't he be using the physical force that was used against the village for his profit?  Should we put him on trial for crimes against humanity?

It's fine to say this guy is scum and you would hate him and feel like physically hurting him.  But if you declare that it's okay to initiate force against him, certainly you should be trying to make a very strong case here.  When Objectivists throw away their principles when they conflict with their emotions, it gives evidence to the claim that our morality of selfishness is really just doing whatever we feel like, and the philosophy is just a way to rationalize it.  If you're going to discard these principles, and do it with such conviction, it's proper to expect a powerful argument for why you are so sure that the principles don't apply in this case.  Anything less can only be interpreted as emotionalism and rationalization.


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Post 22

Sunday, August 5, 2007 - 4:55pmSanction this postReply
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Was wondering when someone was going to point out the rank emotionalism being so sacredly invoked here.......

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Post 23

Sunday, August 5, 2007 - 5:08pmSanction this postReply
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Bill,

Regarding the phrase "not ever" -- I failed to find a source for it (which means that you have the upper hand on that point, until and unless I can marshal a Rand quote of the phrase "not ever a means." I think I might have confused Rand with Kant here [Please, please, please -- everyone please forgive me for that!] Kant did use the phrase "never as a means"--FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS, trans. T.K. Abbott, p. 47

Here's the official Rand quote on the matter:
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"Just as life is an end in itself, so every living human being is an end in himself, not the means to the ends or the welfare of others - and, therefore, man must live for his own sake, neither sacrificing himself to others nor sacrificing others to himself."(Introduction to Anthem)--retrieved 5 Aug 2007, from: http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ayn_Rand
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Regarding your final statement:
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By "obligation" in this context I simply meant moral responsibility[.]
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You are, of course, correct that a journalists primary purpose/value is not to become Albert Schweitzer. But let me offer a few Rand quotes which seem to suggest a "mitigated" morality-of-people-helping-people. I include these because I think that more precision is needed here on Rand's exact stance on the matter -- and it wouldn't hurt for those opposed to Rand on moral grounds to read these things she said/wrote (references upon request) ...

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... altruism's dehumanizing influence ... they are totally indifferent to any living thing and would not lift a finger to help a man left mangled by a hit-and-run driver (who is usually one of their kind).
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If the person to be saved is a stranger, it is morally proper to save him only when the danger to one's own life is minimal; ...
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... human good does not require human sacrifices and cannot be achieved by the sacrifice of anyone to anyone.
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In popular usage, the word "selfishness" is a synonym for evil; ... a murderous brute who tramples over piles of corpses to achieve his own ends, who cares for no living being ...
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... altruism permits no view of men except as sacrificial animals and profiteers-on-sacrifice, as victims and parasites--that it permits no concept of a benevolent co-existence among men ...
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"Nietzschean egoists" ... men who believe that any action, regardless of its nature, is good if it is intended for one's own benefit.
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The egoist ... is the man who stands above the need of using others in any manner. ... This is the only form of brotherhood and mutual respect possible between men.
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A man thinks and works alone. A man cannot ... exploit ... alone. ... exploitation presuppose[s] victims. [It implies] dependence. ... The form of the dependence does not matter.
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If you choose to help a man who suffers, do it only on the ground ... of the fact that he suffers unjustly; ...
=======================

Note: These quotes have breaks in them that might become a matter for appeal.

Ed

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Post 24

Sunday, August 5, 2007 - 5:46pmSanction this postReply
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It is posts like #20 above that show just how thin a veneer "civilization" is in protecting individual rights. I'm sure that Ted believes he is postulating some sort of noble action in these circumstances, but as Joe points out, the emotional and rationalistic excuses for adopting violence against others who do not act in accordance with one's views is the height of irrationality. Ted's proposal is no different in principle from the action of looters who smash storefronts and steal everything in sight whenever a riot breaks out. Both demonstrate that there is no actual regard for the rights of the individual emanating from within - only some sort of external pressure being imposed upon them that normally hold these actions in check. I see enough of this day to day, but it is particularly saddening to confront it on an Objectivist forum.

Regards,
--
Jeff
(Edited by C. Jeffery Small on 8/05, 5:48pm)


Post 25

Sunday, August 5, 2007 - 7:19pmSanction this postReply
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Never Mind the War, Johnny, Just Repeat Your Mantras

Jeffery, you've got it totally backwards. Civilization doesn't stop me or anyone else from committing crimes. It is I who choose based on my values and reasoning not to commit them, not any fear of others that stops me. Am I to understand that except for (1) the fear of the law, or (2) the benign influence of Ayn Rand, you or certain posters above would be out killing whom you liked? Ayn Rand did not stop my life of emotionally driven violence. This conceit is no worse than saying that without god all is permitted. I myself said nothing of riots and storefronts. I spoke of a total breakdown of civilization - war with no legal authority whatsoever to protect one. And I din't speak of taking the opportunity to steal cameras.

Note the serious series of conditions I postulated and the order of priorities I stipulated. If civilization were in such a state as to match my conditions, I would consider the existence of such an hypothetical person an objective threat to my own life. And I would be able to act on my own judgement. You could only imagine that I'm some sort of "emotionalist" or would-be-vigilante if you could read post 20 without holding and integrating all of the conditions I listed in your head at one time.

In a state of utter civil chaos, I wouldn't be running around looking to be an altruist. That's why I explained myself in the terms I did in response to Bill's post who spoke of obligation. To answer Joe, I'd say that under such conditions, where everyone's life is in his own hands, a person like the photographer would fall on my list of people too dangerous through their obvious irrationality to have around. I didn't say "Whoopee! Now I can satisfy my latent bloodlust!" That's just plain silly, have fun attacking that straw man if you like. I might or might not kill him as a judgement call - but someone who (1) enters a war zone (2) in order to profit from the dying seems to me to be an obvious threat with terribly irrational priorities.

And given Robert's statement, I suppose if war were to break out around him, we would find him under his bed reading Rand waiting for someone else to politely explain to the bad guys that they shouldn't be initiating force?

The principal of the non-initiation of force is a political one, with which I have no problem as a basis for objective law. But under the circumstances I specified, there is no polity, just the war of all against all. I am personally sickened by violence. I can't even watch most war movies, even Braveheart bothers me. But after 9-11 I had two priorities, how to obtain a gun and how to hotwire a car. I've seen people shot, dodged bullet fire, lost a loved-one to gunfire, and had people offer me to shoot a man whole stole some property from me. (Luckily, I wasn't so "emotional" as to take the would-be shooters up on their offer!) I've defended myself in knife fights, beaten up muggers, and literally dragged a thief by his ear to a burned out five story crackhouse on St Anne's avenue in the South Bronx that was guarded by a man with a gun and a two pitbulls to get back my own personal property. I didn't kill the thief, but I told him that I would do so if I ever saw him again. I reported the matter to the police. They asked me why I lived in the neighborhood and laughed at me. These issues are not merely matters for academic debate.

As I said, I might very well kill under the strict circumstances I specified, but I'd do my damndest not to get in them in the first place.
Ted Keer

(PS, to forestall misunderstanding, the title was not part of the argument, just an advertising come on. And by aesthetic I meant optional, not mandatory.)

(Edited by Ted Keer on 8/05, 10:27pm)


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Post 26

Sunday, August 5, 2007 - 10:51pmSanction this postReply
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Joe asked, “I'm also curious how a photographer is "fully complicit" in the use of physical force, since he profited by it. Does that make all newspapers and news programs complicit with Al-Qaeda because they profited by running news about Sept 11?”

Let’s change the analogy so it’s at least somewhat applicable and speak of a photographer who gets the profitable shot (knowing what was happening) of the pilot-to-be as he entered the jet-way to the plane that would enter the North Tower.

There is such a thing as so gross a failure to practice the virtue of benevolence that it reaches the stage of depraved indifference.

Such a creature has proved he doesn’t deserve rights.

Ted can bite off his ear and spit it toward the vulture for all I care.

(And I think the same of MSK’s notorious hypothetical. Given the qualifications, plenty of food, nothing to lose, nothing at risk…just “I didn’t feel like it.” Unless he’s retarded, he’s not human.)


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Post 27

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 2:10amSanction this postReply
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Ted, advertising or not, your "title" is offensive.  You constantly make the argument that anyone who doesn't agree with you is some mindless dolt simply reciting the same old Objectivist arguments.  It's ad hominem.  What if I titled my post something like:

Sociopaths will find any excuse to murder another human being, and try to claim the victim deserved it.

I'll just leave it there as an advertising come on.

Now I find myself publicly disagreeing with you again.  Before, you tried to argue that irrational people committing suicide deserved to die.  Now you're claiming that someone in a war-ravaged land who doesn't help a dying child deserves to die.  Your justification?  That their irrationality is a danger to you (assuming that they are irrational).

It's an easy thing to argue.  Irrationality can always manifest in some strange way.  But it seems clear now that it's pretty open-ended for you.  Anything you dislike and want to kill can be called "dangerous".  Here's a photographer who hasn't threatened anyone, and made a hostile move against anyone.  You don't like his choice, so you kill him.  Even if he was callous, where is the danger in that?  Where's the threat?  The fact that he intends to document the horror of this war zone, and make a living at it, make him a threat?

Fortunately, we have slightly more objective standards of what constitutes a threat than simply claiming the other person is too irrational for your tastes.

The sad part is, if I were stuck out there with him and you, I think you'd be the real threat.  His irrationality (if we assume it was irrational) leads to not interfering and doing his job.  Yours leads to murder.  I'd have to think that at any time, if you disagreed with me, you'd kill me for being "dangerous".  It's comical, really. By an objective standard, you'd be the dangerous threat.

I know, I know.  You're going to say that I'm attacking a straw man.  And there may even be people on this forum who think that, and somehow give your words an innocent sounding meaning. The justification would be something like "I know Ted.  He couldn't possibly mean that he'd kill anyone he thought was irrational if it was up to him".  They're welcome to not believe you.  I thought that at first.  But now I'm taking you at your word.  This isn't some clever metaphor.  You actually believe you would be justified in murdering that guy.

I think Jeff's post was perfectly right.  He wasn't saying that he is only held back by fear of the law or the benign influence of Ayn Rand.  He was saying you are.  You're the one who, as soon as you're in a lawless situation, kill anyone you deem to be "too irrational".  Instead of trying to remain civilized and work your way out of a bad situation, you abandon the non-initiation of force principle and kill anyone you decide it too irrational.  What might set you off?   How lawless does it need to be before you start your shooting spree?  It's difficult to say.  We only know that in principle, you think it's appropriate to murder people you think are irrational, presumably because they are "dangerous".


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Post 28

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 2:34amSanction this postReply
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Jon, your example is not applicable.  The photographer going in after a war has begun to document the devastation is not anywhere near equivalent to a person who knew a murder was going to take place and let it happen.  Remember, Ted's argument is that the photographer, by making a profit on the war, is fully complicit with the war.  He takes on responsibility for the war itself.  My Sept 11 example is the proper analogy.  If he profits from something that happened already (the war or Sept 11), it would be absurd to say that he's fully complicit.

I believe you're making a different analogy.  You're making the parallel between knowing Sept 11 was going to happen, and the photographer knowing the infant was going to die.  You're trying to make the argument that the photographer is not fully complicit with the war, but that he's arguably complicit with the death of the infant.

I'm open to hearing argument about whether a person who know Sept 11 was going to happen, and didn't tell anyone, is an accomplice in the crime.  But we should note that the photographer arrived after the war had been committed.  He can't actually be an accomplice to the war.  He might be able to remedy some of the results, like saving the infant, but then aren't we all guilty?  Or does distance relieve us of moral obligation?  Ultimately, I'm going with Bill Dwyer and Ayn Rand on this.  A need is not a moral claim.

But I have to continue pointing out that you don't get to decide that someone "doesn't deserve rights".  And saying that they're not human is just another way to say they don't have rights.  There certainly isn't a principle to clarify the issue.  Anyone you deem as too depraved, or Ted deems as too irrational, you guys feel like you want to kill him, and you should be able to.  But I can't emphasize enough how dangerous that view is.  You're declaring to the world that rights are great when you agree with them, but as soon as you feel like violating them, they don't really apply.  I've seen cases of Objectivists deciding that since they don't like a person, they don't have to respect his rights.  This is not a principled position.  This is emotionalism.  If you only support individual rights when you think it benefits you, or you want them protected, you're not supporting them at all.

I can agree with the sentiment of wanting to hurt someone who's vicious and disgusting.  I'm sure most people can.  But I would hope that my awareness of the principle would keep me from acting out on those emotions.


Post 29

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 5:45amSanction this postReply
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Joe,

First, I did not argue that the photographer was guilty for the war, only complicit in the murder of that girl which he tried to justify by the ridiculous idea of noninterference, He was willing to enter a war zone to make money off this girl, but not willing to help her afterward. I lay complicity in her death, not the entire war at his feet.

Also, which of the two titles, or please list all of them, do you find so offensive? I had in mind the Nasty title for the caveat. I give my pieces titles mainly as a memorable tags so that (thanks to Steve Wolfer - wish he was still around) I can look them up by memory at a later date.

I think Jon's analogy is reasonable, by the way. For someone to make the argument that I feel justified in going around killing whom I like on a whim seems utterly ridiculous to me. Perhaps someone could tell me what premises I am missing to get myself to the conclusion I wish to reach, that when civilization has fallen all about you, the rules have changed, and each man has become a law unto himself. My priority, if anything would be to avoid such a situation - not to take advantage of it to kill paparazzi. But I think that Jon & Ed have at least made clear enough cases that some people have indicated by their actions that they may just be inhuman enouh for one to view as a threat. Do I need to wait for them to kill me first before seeing them under those extreme circumstances as a mortal danger?

Given my recent posts to Virginia and the sum of what I've said in its full context, comparing me to a rioter looking for a chance to loot is unfair and insulting and just plain ridiculous.

I am tired of repeating myself, so perhaps someone who is critical of me here could list such circumstances where there is no protection of law where one would be justified in judging some people to be depraved enough to be enough of a threat for me to take proactive steps up to possibly killing them? Or is quoting Rand one's only resort in lifeboat circumstances?

In any case, calling me names doesn't count as an argument, especially not an emotionalist, when all my actual life experience has shown me that the only emotions I might feel in such a circumstance would be fear and disgust but a determination to act on the side of the innocent and self-preservation.

Once a legitimate legal entity exists to protect the rights of that girl and my rights, then I am quite happy to let that entity do its job. Outside such protections, outside a polity, I agree with Aristotle that men are little more than beasts and that photographer, not being part of the solution, was, however minor, part of the problem. Certainly there would be more important foes than he, but no one has expanded the argument so far, and in the context, of myself, the girl, and him, he is a foe. In the context of all I have said and without dropping any of my qualifications, when does a person stop quoting Rand and start acting on his own judgement?

Ted Keer

(Edited by Ted Keer on 8/06, 2:36pm)


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Post 30

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 7:55amSanction this postReply
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Joe, you write, “I'm open to hearing argument about whether a person who know Sept 11 was going to happen, and didn't tell anyone, is an accomplice in the crime.”

Of course you are. Because sometimes omission is commission, whether the quiet one has himself initiated force against anyone, or not.

“This is not a principled position. This is emotionalism.”

Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.


(Edited by Jon Letendre on 8/06, 8:33am)


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Post 31

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 8:37amSanction this postReply
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It seems to me that the photographer ultimately didn't act in his own self interest by not intervening, despite the initial consequences of perhaps having his equipment and exposed photographs expropriated, including the one in question, which got him the Pulitzer Prize and international acclaim. It was a choice that would give him fame and fortune coupled with self loathing and causing his suicide, or living a rather normal life with regret that he had missed a chance of a life time.

Sam


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Post 32

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 9:44amSanction this postReply
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Jon Letendre I agree with your post that omission is commission, and a journalist that say knew 9/11 would happen and didn't tell the authorities is complicit in murder. But I don't think that applies to the journalist who took a picture of the child. The crime that lead to the child's starvation was already known and the photographer was not privy to any special knowledge that the general public didn't already know.

Post 33

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 9:49amSanction this postReply
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Joe,

Thanks for your comments on this issue. They are excellent and needed to be said.

Bravo!

- Bill

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Post 34

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 10:04amSanction this postReply
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As is often the case with news threads, the issue turns to some question wider than the story that started the discussion. The moral status of this particular photographer and the question of his deserving to be beat up, are debatable. I wasn’t there, so I can’t be sure.

The wider issue is whether someone can be guilty and deserving of punishment in the absence of their initiation of force. I know many here would say, “No, never. A person can never be guilty for what they DID NOT do.” I think this is incorrect. It’s the typical libertarian worship of the principle of non-initiation of force divorced from its context.

The context of that principle and all morality is life, the value of life and its preservation.

I posit a guy who knows the Sept 11 plans, let’s say because he lives in an apartment adjacent to the terrorists and hears the conference calls with Osama. He tells them one day that he’s heard their plans and thinks they are great servants of Allah, so the terrorists trust him. He takes no part in any planning, takes no actions to assist them at all. On the morning of Sept 11 he goes to the airport and asks Atta if he would smile for a few pictures. He’d like to do something good for the people back home, he explains to Atta, and this could be the big break he needs to become a great photographer. He warns no one, but waits for events to unfold and wins a Pulitzer. (Sounds fantastical, but would you have believed this news story, with a vulture stalking a toddler, and a Pulitzer?)

His official response to questions about why he didn’t warn: “I just didn’t feel like it.”


Now, prudence of taking the law into one’s own hands aside, may he properly be strangled to death? Of course! Because I feel strongly that he is very icky? No, because he has, through his own choices, declared himself outside the realms of morality and rights.


(Edited by Jon Letendre on 8/06, 10:14am)


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Post 35

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 10:53amSanction this postReply
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Jon wrote:

> Now, prudence of taking the law into one’s own hands aside, may he properly be strangled to death?
> Of course! Because I feel strongly that he is very icky? No, because he has, through his own choices,
> declared himself outside the realms of morality and rights.

I would suggest that this is the wrong question. The correct question is whether, under all of these hypothetical scenarios, you will continue to require of yourself that you adhere to the realms or morality and rights?

Regards,
--
Jeff
(Edited by C. Jeffery Small on 8/06, 10:53am)


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Post 36

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 12:11pmSanction this postReply
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The Reliance on Words and Not Action is Prayer, Not Objectivism

"It's the typical libertarian worship of the principle of non-initiation of force divorced from its context." - Jon L.

Exactly correct.

"The crime that lead to the child's starvation was already known and the photographer was not privy to any special knowledge that the general public didn't already know." - John A.

Not quite:

The photographer wasn't merely photographing a starving child which he could presumably have done in a referee camp. He was standing by and privy to the knowledge that an animal was about to (and presumably did) eat that starving child. He could have taken the photo and saved the child. Instead he made a snuff film.

Jeffery, no, again, you reverse the issue and you avoid answering the specifics of my argument by saying "under all of these hypothetical scenarios" which you do not refute but answer with silence. The man who let the child be eaten by the vulture so that he could make a buck did by that action place himself in complicity with murderers to profit from the death of another. "Icky" is your childish term, and has nothing to do with any part of this conversation. In a war zone where one cannot call the police or military for aid, one must take upon oneself the responsibilities that one normally delegates to the police or the military.

Ayn Rand's principles justify, but do not establish rights. Rights are established only by the willing use of force. Whether that photographer had forfeited his right to life can be considered an open question and taking action against him would be a matter of priorities, not necessity. That one must refrain from using deadly force in a lawless war zone at one's own judgement is a delusion open only to those who have never had to defend themselves or others when no other person is there to do it for them. The refusal to act but to rely upon words to effect the defense of oneself or others is prayer. It is pacifism, not manhood; wishful thinking, not justice; evasion, not civility; cowardice, not Objectivism.

Ted Keer

Post 37

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 12:14pmSanction this postReply
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Ted:

The photographer wasn't merely photographing a starving child which he could presumably have done in a referee camp. He was standing by and privy to the knowledge that an animal was about to (and presumably did) eat that starving child.


Says who? I thought the photographer said he chased the vulture away.

From the link Michael Dickey posted:

His picture of an emaciated girl collapsing on the way to a feeding centre, as a plump vulture lurked in the background, was published first in The New York Times and The Mail & Guardian, a Johannesburg weekly. The reaction to the picture was so strong that The New York Times published an unusual editor's note on the fate of the girl. Mr Carter said she resumed her trek to the feeding centre. He chased away the vulture.

(Edited by John Armaos on 8/06, 12:22pm)


Post 38

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 12:21pmSanction this postReply
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Three questions for the interested parties in this debate:

Is this excerpt (from: http://jim.com/rights.html) ...

(1) a relevant one?
(2) an acceptable one?
(3) a sufficient one (for resolution of the debate)?

=========================
...evolutionary definition: Natural law is, or follows from, an ESS [Evolutionary Stable Strategy] for the use of force: Conduct which violates natural law is conduct such that, if a man were to use individual unorganized violence to prevent such conduct, or, in the absence of orderly society, use individual unorganized violence to punish such conduct, then such violence would not indicate that the person using such violence, (violence in accord with natural law) is a danger to a reasonable man.

This definition is equivalent to the definition that comes from the game theory of iterated three or more player non zero sum games, applied to evolutionary theory. The idea of law, of actions being lawful or unlawful, has the emotional significance that it does have, because this ESS for the use of force is part of our nature.
=========================

Ed
(Edited by Ed Thompson on 8/06, 12:32pm)


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Post 39

Monday, August 6, 2007 - 12:42pmSanction this postReply
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Jon:

The wider issue is whether someone can be guilty and deserving of punishment in the absence of their initiation of force. I know many here would say, “No, never. A person can never be guilty for what they DID NOT do.” I think this is incorrect. It’s the typical libertarian worship of the principle of non-initiation of force divorced from its context.


Jon I think I would argue that choosing not to do something (like notify the authorities that a future crime will be committed) is itself an initiation of force. I don't think we can be intellectually honest here and say that a choice not to act (by simply notifying an authority) is itself not a moral choice one makes with the consequence of the destruction of life and property. I don't think we can only interpret an initiation of force strictly as physically taking an action. I believe the current law (and I realize what the law is isn't itself a moral argument) can hold individuals accountable for not notifying the authorities that a crime was or is about to be committed.

But we're not talking here about an individual risking life and limb to prevent a crime. It's only asked (by at least me) that they simply report the future crime to an authority that has the power to stop it from happening.

It's the same thing with the notion of obstruction of justice. If someone doesn't comply with a court order to supply evidence the court believes you have of a crime, or evidence that can prove someone's innocence, are we as objectivists saying one doesn't have to take action? That non-action is ok, and that there is no legitimacy to the notion of obstruction of justice?

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